基于SSD的眨眼与打哈欠检测

提出了一种新的基于SSD网络的眨眼与打哈欠检测。首先,对原SSD架构进行四个方面的修改。第一,主干网用MobileNetV3替换了VGG,使得架构尺寸缩减三分之一。第二,重新设计了输出检测器,实现了目标检测与分类、目标定位与高宽比回归多任务的融合。第三,网络直接回归高宽比,比传统的从关键点离线计算高宽比的方法鲁棒性要高。第四,省去了非最大抑制层(NMS)中的重叠度(IOU)计算和阈值设定,使得单目标检测速度提高了40%。另外,在数据集YawDD上验证了所提出方法的有效性,眨眼与打哈欠的测全率为95.1%与100.0%,在单卡2080Ti上实现了41fps的高检测速度。     

双亲纳米SiO2颗粒的制备及提高渗吸采收率性能

以正辛基三乙氧基硅烷和3-巯基丙基三乙氧基硅烷为改性剂，以双氧水为氧化剂，在水基环境下对亲水纳米SiO2颗粒表面进行改性，得到具有磺酸基和辛基的双亲纳米SiO2颗粒，并通过红外和热重对其化学结构和热稳定性进行分析。将双亲纳米SiO2颗粒分散在地层水中制备纳米流体，并评价纳米流体的稳定性、界面性质和渗吸效率。利用核磁共振技术探究纳米流体渗吸过程中岩心孔隙内原油运移规律。结果表明，纳米流体储存30 d未出现分层现象，表现出良好的稳定性；经纳米流体处理的岩心亲水性增强。此外，双亲纳米SiO2颗粒将油水界面张力降低至1.7 mN/m；纳米流体渗吸采收率高达22.6%，渗吸初始阶段小孔隙中的原油被动用，而在渗吸后期阶段大孔隙中的原油才被动用。     

苯乙烯化工装置场地岩土及地下水指标分析及应用

通过对苯乙烯装置场区的岩土结构进行承载力试验,并对岩土及地下水进行化学离子分析及水压试验,定量评价岩土及地下水的特征.结果表明:泥岩的重力密度、黏聚力最大,残积土的黏聚力和承载力最大,粉质黏土的压缩模量最大;SO42-和HCO4-二者质量分数相对较高,特别是粉砂中,可见具有一定的腐蚀性,其中粉质黏土的pH值为6.57,显酸性,而粉土和粉砂的pH值大于7,略显碱性.开展岩土载荷试验,得出随着荷载值的增加、施加荷载时间的增大,岩土的累积变形尺寸逐渐增大,值域在0～35之间.显示SO42-和HCO4-是地下水中的主要成分,地层水的pH值小于7,地层水主要以弱酸性为主,其对构建物及地基有腐蚀作用,因此须要对地基岩土进行防腐处理,保持地基的抗腐蚀性.地下水随压力的升高,流量相应增大,结合地下实际流量值采取相应排水措施和装置,防止地下岩土层遭到破坏,从而保证苯乙烯装置的顺利安装和安全生产.     

Theoretical investigation of intrinsic point defects and the oxygen migration behavior in rare earth hafnates

In this work, the composition-dependent point defect types and formation energies of RE₂Hf₂O₇ (RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu and Gd) as well as the oxygen diffusion behavior are systematically investigated by first-principles calculations. The possible defect reactions and dominant defect complexes under stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric conditions are revealed. It is found that O Frenkel pairs are the predominant defect in stoichiometric pyrochlore hafnates. Hf-RE cation anti-site defects, accompanied by RE vacancies and/or oxygen interstitials, are stable in the non-stoichiometric case of HfO₂ excess. On the other hand, RE-Hf anti-site defects together with oxygen vacancies and/or RE interstitials are preferable in the case of RE₂O₃ excess. The energy barriers for the migration along the V_O48f - V_O48f pathway of pyrochlore hafnates were calculated to be between 0.81 eV and 0.89 eV. Based on these results, a defect engineering strategy is proposed and the pyrochlore hafnates investigated here are predicted to exhibit potential oxygen ionic conductivity.     

Lithiophilic MXene-Guided Lithium Metal Nucleation and Growth Behavior

The positive effects of a lithiophilic substrate on the electrochemical performance of lithium metal anodes are confirmed in several reports, while the understanding of lithiophilic substrate-guided lithium metal nucleation and growth behavior is still insufficient. In this study, the effect of a lithiophilic surface on lithium metal nucleation and growth behaviors is investigated using a large-area Ti₃C₂T_x MXene substrate with a large number of oxygen and fluorine dual heteroatoms. The use of the MXene substrate results in a high lithium-ion concentration as well as the formation of uniform solid–electrolyte-interface (SEI) layers on the lithiophilic surface. The solid–solid interface (MXene-SEI layer) significantly affects the surface tension of the deposited lithium metal nuclei as well as the nucleation overpotential, resulting in the formation of uniformly dispersed lithium nanoparticles ( ≈ 10–20 nm in diameter) over the entire MXene surface. The primary lithium nanoparticles preferentially coalesce and agglomerate into larger secondary particles while retaining their primary particle shapes. Subsequently, they form close-packed structures, resulting in a dense metal layer composed of particle-by-particle microstructures. This distinctive lithium metal deposition behavior leads to highly reversible cycling performance with high Columbic efficiencies >  99.0% and long cycle lives of over 1000 cycles.     

Magnetically Guidable Proteinaceous Adhesive Microbots for Targeted Locoregional Therapeutics Delivery in the Highly Dynamic Environment of the Esophagus

The esophagus is a tubular-shaped muscular organ where swallowed fluids and muscular contractions constitute a highly dynamic environment. The turbulent, coordinated processes that occur through the oropharyngeal conduit can often compromise targeted administration of therapeutic drugs to a lesion, significantly reducing therapeutic efficacy. Here, magnetically guidable drug vehicles capable of strongly adhering to target sites using a bioengineered mussel adhesive protein (MAP) to achieve localized delivery of therapeutic drugs against the hydrodynamic physiological conditions are proposed. A suite of highly uniform microparticles embedded with iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles (MAP@IO MPs) is microfluidically fabricated using the genipin-mediated covalent cross-linking of bioengineered MAP. The MAP@IO MPs are successfully targeted to a specific region and prolongedly retained in the tubular-structured passageway. In particular, orally administered MAP@IO MPs are effectively captured in the esophagus in vivo in a magnetically guidable manner. Moreover, doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded MAP@IO MPs exhibit a sustainable DOX release profile, effective anticancer therapeutic activity, and excellent biocompatibility. Thus, the magnetically guidable locomotion and robust underwater adhesive properties of the proteinaceous soft microbots can provide an intelligent modular approach for targeted locoregional therapeutics delivery to a specific lesion site in dynamic fluid-associated tubular organs such as the esophagus.     

典型石油污染土壤中PAHs污染特征分析

为探讨废弃井场中土壤PAHs污染状况,采取江汉油田废弃井场土壤样品,对16种PAHS的质量分数及组成特征和垂直分布特征进行研究.结果表明:分析样品中∑16PAHs质量分数范围0.0084～2.5956μg·g-1,146号采样点PAHs质量分数均大于147号采样点,PAHS组成多以2～3环为主,∑16PAHs和单体分布基本一致,其中土壤层位在0～20 cm时,菲(Phe)、荧蒽(Flu)、屈(chr)占比较大,为主要污染物;147号采样点,PAHs多以5～6环为主,屈(Chry)、苯并(b)荧蒽(BbF)占比较大,土壤∑16PAHs和单体质量分数随深度增加而减小.通过单组分比值(Ant/(Ant+Phe))的分析得出,146号采样点土壤中PAHs多为石油源,而147号采样点土壤中的PAHs多为燃烧源,且Fla/(Fla+Pyr)比值大于0.5,说明来源于煤、植物、木炭燃烧.     

激光在线测厚振动分析与精度优化

激光测厚具有安全可靠、测量精度高、测量范围大等优点,广泛应用于纸张、电池极片等薄膜类材料厚度的在线测量。带材宽幅方向扫描测厚时由于扫描架往复运动会产生机械振动,影响在线测厚精度。针对该问题,以锂离子电池极片厚度测量为例,使用双激光差动式测厚平台对电池极片和铜箔分别进行厚度测量,然后对测厚数据进行频谱分析,探究其振动规律的相似性,并基于频谱分析结果采用滑动带阻滤波方式对测厚数据进行处理,滤波后极片和铜箔的厚度极差分别降低了33.4%和73.8%,有效过滤了机械振动导致的测量误差,可满足极片和铜箔厚度测量的精度要求。